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Delve into the physical components of Apple devices, including processors, memory, storage, and their interaction with the software.

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Support for cycling power & cadence sensors in HKWorkoutSession on iOS?
Hi everyone, while testing HKWorkoutSession with HKLiveWorkoutBuilder on iOS 26 Beta (cycling workout), I noticed the following behavior: – Starting a cycling HKWorkoutSession automatically connects to my Bluetooth heart rate monitor and records HR into HealthKit ✅ – However, my Bluetooth cycling power meter and cadence sensor (standard BLE Cycling Power & CSC services) are not connected automatically, and no data is recorded into HealthKit ❌ On Apple Watch, when starting a cycling workout, these sensors do connect automatically and their data is written to HealthKit — which is exactly what I would expect on iOS as well. Question: Is this by design, or is support for power and cadence sensors planned for iOS in the same way as on watchOS? Or do we, as developers, need to implement the BLE Cycling Power and CSC profiles ourselves (via CoreBluetooth) if we want these metrics? Environment: – iOS 26 Beta – HKWorkoutSession & HKLiveWorkoutBuilder (cycling) – Bluetooth HRM connects automatically – BLE power & cadence sensors do not This feature would make it much easier to develop cycling apps with full HealthKit integration, and also create a more consistent user experience compared to watchOS. Thanks for any insights!
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187
Jul ’25
How and when to use .confirmAuthorization option with AccessorySetupKit
I am developing an app that communicates with external BLE device over GATT. The device has a secure-read characteristic exposing some of it's data and requires pairing/bonding in order to communicate with it. I was able to pair and connect with the device using AccessorySetupKit and .bluetoothPairingLE option: let descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor() descriptor.bluetoothServiceUUID = CBUUID(string: serviceUUID) descriptor.supportedOptions = [.bluetoothPairingLE] let picketItem = ASPickerDisplayItem(name: name, productImage: image, descriptor: descriptor) In this case when setting up accessory, I was prompted to compare passkeys and after confirming I can read the characteristic etc. Then I tried adding .confirmAuthorization to picker item and problems started: let descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor() descriptor.bluetoothServiceUUID = CBUUID(string: serviceUUID) descriptor.supportedOptions = [.bluetoothPairingLE] let picketItem = ASPickerDisplayItem(name: name, productImage: image, desc pickerItem.setupOptions = [.confirmAuthorization] When setting up, I can see a passkey to be confirmed, but when confirmed the setup ui get's suck in loading state. Under the hood in logs, I can see that my app has connected to peripheral and was able to read the characteristic. I am unsure why the ui is stuck in loading state in this case. What is the difference when using .confirmAuthorization option and what should be the proper flow of events to setup accessory and then access protoected characteristic?
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292
Aug ’25
Inquiry Regarding Remote Control and Screen Sharing Capabilities Under MFi Program
Dear Apple Developer / MFi Program Support, I am exploring technical possibilities for screen sharing and remote interaction between iOS devices and external hardware (e.g., embedded systems, in-vehicle systems) for a prototype we are currently developing. I have reviewed the public iOS developer documentation, but I would appreciate your guidance and clarification on the following advanced use cases, particularly in the context of MFi or enterprise-level integrations: Full-Screen Sharing of iOS Device Is it possible to mirror or stream the entire iOS screen, even when the app is running in the background or not in the foreground? Does ReplayKit or any other framework under the MFi or enterprise entitlements allow full-device screen capture outside the app context? Remote Touch Injection and Control Is there any officially supported mechanism, under MFi or otherwise, that allows external systems to remotely control an iOS device’s touch interface (e.g., simulate gestures, taps, swipes)? Are any of the following permitted under special entitlements: Access to IOHIDEventSystem or similar private APIs for input injection? Communication over USB or network to relay control commands that simulate direct user interaction? Hardware-Level Integration and Entitlements Does the MFi Program allow: Use of private frameworks or entitlements to build low-level integrations for iOS device control or mirroring? Communication over USB/Lightning/USB-C to enable bi-directional interaction (streaming out, commands in)? What are the specific APIs or entitlements available under MFi that enable these use cases? Can you provide references to documentation, SDKs, or prerequisites for companies seeking such capabilities? Eligibility and Certification Process What are the criteria to be approved for the MFi program with access to such advanced capabilities? Can PoC or early-stage research prototypes be eligible, or is MFi access restricted to commercial production intent? How long does it typically take to gain access to these entitlements (assuming NDA and certification requirements are met)? Alternative Pathways If MFi access is not feasible in the short term, is there any Apple-supported alternative path (e.g., test device provisioning, enterprise signing, custom profiles) that permits more advanced capabilities for prototyping purposes? We are not looking to publish this as a general App Store app at this stage, but rather to demonstrate feasibility as part of an innovation prototype that may lead to further OEM-level engagement in the future. Thank you for your support and guidance. Best regards,
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106
Jul ’25
CoreGraphics reports two displays connections during system wakeup
Hello, The application I'm working on must report new hardware connections. To retrieve connected displays information and monitor new connections, I'm using the "Core Graphics" framework (see recommendation https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/779945). The monitoring logic relies on a callback function which invokes when the local display configuration changes(kCGDisplayAddFlag/kCGDisplayRemoveFlag). #import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h> static void displayChanged(CGDirectDisplayID displayID, CGDisplayChangeSummaryFlags flags, void *userInfo) { uint32_t vendor = CGDisplayVendorNumber(displayID); if (flags & kCGDisplayAddFlag) { if (vendor == kDisplayVendorIDUnknown) { NSLog(@"I/O Kit cannot identify the monitor. kDisplayVendorIDUnknown. displayId = %u", displayID); return; } NSLog(@"%u connected. vendor(%u)", displayID, vendor); } if (flags & kCGDisplayRemoveFlag) { NSLog(@"%u disconnected", displayID); } } int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { CGDisplayRegisterReconfigurationCallback(displayChanged, NULL); NSApplicationLoad(); CFRunLoopRun(); } return 0; } The test environment is a Mac mini with an external display connected via HDMI. Everything works correctly until the system enters sleep mode. Upon wakeup, the app reports two displays: the first with vendor ID kDisplayVendorIDUnknown and the second with the expected vendor ID. Why does Core Graphics report two connections during wakeup? Is there any way to avoid this? Thank you in advance.
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209
Jul ’25
NFCPresentmentIntentAssertion validity behavior
Hello, I would like to discuss the behavior of the expiration of NFCPresentmentIntentAssertion (test in iOS 18.5). In the documentation we have : The intent assertion expires if any of the following occur: The intent assertion object deinitializes Your app goes into the background 15 seconds elapse BUT; in fact ; only the 1st rule is applied. The expiration seems to be random after the usage of CardSession and that's difficult to give to the user a good experience. Has someone faced the same kind of issue; or can give an explanation? Regards, François
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122
Aug ’25
Using CBPeripheralManager while using AccessorySetupKit framework
I am working on an app that requires the usage of CoreBluetooth – using both its CBPeripheralManager and CBCentralManager classes. Our app works with other phones and hardware peripherals to exchange data – so we wanted to explore adding AccessorySetupKit to streamline the hardware connection process. AccessorySetupKit has been integrated (while CBPeripheralManager is turned off) and works great, but even with ASK added to our app's plist file and not in use, CBPeripheralManager fails with error: Cannot create a CBPeripheralManager while using AccessorySetupKit framework. Is there any workaround or suggested path forward here? We'd still really like to use ASK while keeping our existing functionality, but are not seeing a clear way to do so.
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246
Aug ’25
Is there a way to disable NFC on iPhones?
I have some logic which requires NFC support on the device. This is what I'm using to make sure that it's available: isNFCMissing = !NFCNDEFReaderSession.readingAvailable && !NFCTagReaderSession.readingAvailable && !NFCVASReaderSession.readingAvailable Is it possible for isNFCMissing to be true even if the device has an NFC chip. The minimum iOS version for the application is 16 which is only supported on devices with an NFC chip to begin with.
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239
Sep ’25
Mac Catalyst: IOHID InputReportCallback not firing, USBInterfaceOpen returns kIOReturnNotPermitted (0xe00002e2) for custom HID device
Hi everyone, I am developing a .NET MAUI Mac Catalyst app (sandboxed) that communicates with a custom vendor-specific HID USB device. Within the Catalyst app, I am using a native iOS library (built with Objective-C and IOKit) and calling into it via P/Invoke from C#. The HID communication layer relies on IOHIDManager and IOUSBInterface APIs. The device is correctly detected and opened using IOHIDManager APIs. However, IOHIDDeviceRegisterInputReportCallback never triggers — I don’t receive any input reports. To investigate, I also tried using low-level IOKit USB APIs via P/Invoke from my Catalyst app, calling into a native iOS library. When attempting to open the USB interface using IOUSBInterfaceOpen() or IOUSBInterfaceOpenSeize(), both calls fail with: kIOReturnNotPermitted (0xe00002e2). — indicating an access denied error, even though the device enumerates and opens successfully. Interestingly, when I call IOHIDDeviceSetReport(), it returns status = 0, meaning I can successfully send feature reports to the device. Only input reports (via the InputReportCallback) fail to arrive. I’ve confirmed this is not a device issue — the same hardware and protocol work perfectly under Windows using the HIDSharp library, where both input and output reports function correctly. What I’ve verified •Disabling sandboxing doesn’t change the behavior. •The device uses a vendor-specific usage page (not a standard HID like keyboard/mouse). •Enumeration, open, and SetReport all succeed — only reading input reports fails. •Tried polling queues, in queues Input_Misc element failed to add to the queues. •Tried getting report in a loop but no use.
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175
Oct ’25
iPhone/iPad DFU and Apple deviceinterfaced process
Problem Description: Since Our USB hubs are capable of sending Vendor Defined Messages (VDMs) over a USB Type-C cable connection, they can programmatically place iOS, iPadOS, and macOS devices into DFU mode—without requiring any physical button interaction. Recently, we identified an issue when invoking DFU mode on an iPhone 15 using this method. Upon entering DFU mode, the device enumerates with USB Product ID 0x1881 (“Debug USB” – KIS interface). At that point, the deviceinterfaced daemon (launched by launchd) immediately detects the device and claims exclusive access to the USB interface. As a result, when our API Service attempts to communicate with the device through standard IOKit methods, it fails with the following error: 0xe00002c5 ((iokit/common) exclusive access and device already open) This prevents our libraries from reading the iBoot string (USB serial number string) that Apple devices normally expose in standard or recovery modes—information that includes ECID, CPID, CPRV, CPFM, BDID, and SCEP. This creates a significant barrier, as our API service becomes unable to perform subsequent device restoration operations as we missed the critical information. Request for Guidance: I’ve included the following context for your analysis and review. Using the launchctl unload command can temporarily stop it; however, I’d like to know if there’s an API-level mechanism to programmatically prevent deviceinterfaced from claiming access from within our API Service. Could you please advise on the following points? 1.  Managing deviceinterfaced Access • What is the proper way to stop or prevent deviceinterfaced from claiming exclusive access in this case, so that the API Service can read device information and starts restoring the device from that point? • Is there a recommended method or entitlement that allows third-party services to communicate with Apple devices while they are in Debug USB (KIS) mode? 2.  Guidelines and API Access • Are there any Apple-supported APIs or developer guidelines that would permit controlled access to the iBoot interface without conflicting with deviceinterfaced?
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164
Oct ’25
CryptoTokenKit: TKSmartCardSlotManager.default is nil on macOS (Designed for iPad) but works on iPadOS and macOS
I have an iOS/iPadOS app and 'm trying to communicate with usb smart card reader using CryptoTokenKit on all platforms (ios/ipados/macos). Minimal Repro Code import CryptoTokenKit import SwiftUI struct ContentView: View { @State var status = "" var body: some View { VStack { Text("Status: \(status)") } .padding() .onAppear { let manager = TKSmartCardSlotManager.default if manager != nil { status = "Initialized" } else { status = "Unsupported" } } } } And my entitlement file has only one key: com.apple.security.smartcard = YES Behavior • iPadOS (on device): status = "Initialized" ✅ • macOS (native macOS app, with the required CryptoTokenKit entitlement): status = "Initialized" ✅ • macOS (Designed for iPad, regardless of CryptoTokenKit entitlement): status = "Unsupported" → TKSmartCardSlotManager.default is nil ❌ Expectation Given that the same iPadOS build initializes TKSmartCardSlotManager, I expected the iPad app running in Designed for iPad mode on Apple silicon Mac to behave the same (or to have a documented limitation). Questions Is CryptoTokenKit (and specifically TKSmartCardSlotManager) supported for iPad apps running on Mac in Designed for iPad mode? If support exists, what entitlements / capabilities are required for USB smart-card access in this configuration? If not supported, is Mac Catalyst the correct/only path on macOS to access USB smart-card readers via CryptoTokenKit? Are there recommended alternatives for iPad apps on Mac (Designed for iPad) to communicate with USB smart-card readers (e.g., ExternalAccessory, DriverKit, etc.), or is this scenario intentionally unsupported? Thanks!
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211
Nov ’25
[Matter] Device cannot be commissioned to Google Home through iOS
Hi, We are facing the issue of commissioning our Matter device to google home through iOS device will be 100% failed. Here is our test summary regarding the issue: TestCase1 [OK]: Commissioning our Matter 1.4.0 device to Google Nest Hub 2 by Android device (see log DoorWindow_2.0.1_Google_Success.txt ) TestCase2 [NG]: Commissioning Matter 1.4.0 device to Google Nest Hub 2 by iPhone13 or iPhone16 (see log DoorWindow_2.0.1_Google_by_iOS_NG.txt ) TestCase3 [OK]: Commissioning our Matter 1.3.0 device to Google Nest Hub 2 by iPhone13 In TestCase2, we noticed that device was first commissioned to iOS(Apple keychain) then iOS opened a commissioning window again to commission it in Google’s ecosystem, and the device was failed at above step 2, so we also tried: Commissioning the device to Apple Home works as expected, next share the device to Google Home app on iOS, this also fails. Commissioning the device to Apple Home works as expected, next share the device to Google Home app on Android, this works as expected and device pops up in Google home of iOS as well. Could you help check what's the issue of TestCase2? Append the environment of our testing: NestHub 2 version Google Home app version
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129
4w
Temporarily disable macOS capture of USB RFID reader(s)
Hello. I am attempting to wrap the C library libnfc as a Swift library. This is not for use on macOS - it's mainly for use on Linux (Raspberry Pi). I have a USB reader and my code appears to work so far, however the code/test/debug cycle is suboptimal if I'm running the code on the Pi. As I use a Mac for day-to-day coding, I'd prefer to use Xcode and my Mac for development. MacOS appears to capture the NFC hardware for its own frameworks and attempting to open a connection to the USB device gives a Unable to claim USB interface (Permission denied) error. ioreg shows that the hardware is claimed by an Apple framework: "UsbExclusiveOwner" = "pid 10946, com.apple.ifdbun" Is there a way to temporarily over-ride that system and use the hardware myself? I've tried Googling but most of the replies are out of date and Claude's advice launchctl unload /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.ifdreader.plist doesn't appear to work... I'm wary of disabling SIP - is there a simple way to have access to the hardware myself? Thanks.
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141
3w
hide/show scene in Home View API
Which HomeKit API serves for the Home application scene (HMActionSet)-related functionality “Remove from Home View” and “Add to Home View”? There must be a public API for that, for at the very least one 3rd party application shows/hides scenes appropriately as they are set up in Home; nevertheless, whatever I try, I can't find the API. Thanks!
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1w
iOS requirements for HID over GATT
I am developing a virtual Bluetooth HID keyboard device on my Win desktop that connects to my iPad over bluetooth and advertises itself as a keyboard to control the iPad. It works very well already on Android, but not on iOS. I can see in Packet Logger that it reads well as a HID device, reads the report map and HID information correctly, which data is all valid. It doesn't subscribe to the report's Client Characteristic Configuration, just silently quitting and the keyboard does not work. I can post more information if needed, but my question in short is what are the requirements for iOS to accept a HID over GATT as a keyboard peripheral. I feel like I am close.
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895
Mar ’25
About USB accessory certification
I have a question about Apple certification. We are planning card reader via HID(human interface device) for iPad that support USB-C. iPad will receive data as HID protocol. In this case do I have to get certificate(for example MFi) like Apple USB accessory?
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139
Apr ’25
Confused by what is allowed for System Level Apple Watch Bluetooth Connection. Does it require MFi or are there only some BLE chips allowed?
Hello. I am building a BLE device that is Activity Fitness based and would like a "System Level" BLE connection on WatchOS using an ESP32 (I have built a test of this on the firmware side). Meaning I do not want my iOS app to pass the BLE connection to the WatchOS app. It seems like these App Level connections do not get as many background updates as a System Level connection, and also requires the WatchOS app to be launched to connect to the BLE device The System Level BLE connection (WatchOS Settings > BLE > Health Devices) allows for auto connection in the background, and gets more reliable background communication between the BLE device and the Apple Watch On the Apple MFi Page it only mentions iOS: From Apple MFi Page: :: Who does NOT need to join - Developers and manufacturers of accessories that connect to an Apple device using only Bluetooth Low Energy, Core Bluetooth, or standard Bluetooth profiles supported by iOS Does this apply to WatchOS as well? So, if I am making an BLE device that is Activity Based, and has one of the allowable Health Device UUIDs, is the BLE System Connection allowed using any BLE chip? Including say an ESP32 I have built a test BLE firmware that is a Health Device UUID, and the WatchOS sees it as a health device Is this fine then? No need for MFi application and also no need to worry about which BLE chip is used? thanks
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140
May ’25