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Explore the networking protocols and technologies used by the device to connect to Wi-Fi networks, Bluetooth devices, and cellular data services.

Networking Documentation

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About the Relay payload
ios構成プロファイルの制限のallowCloudPrivateRelayのプライベートリレーの制御とRelayペイロードの機能は関係がありますか? それとも別々の機能でしょうか? ↓ s there a relationship between the private relay control in the iOS configuration profile restriction allowCloudPrivateRelay and the functionality of the Relay payload? Or are they separate features?
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24
Apr ’25
SwiftSMTP broken: Error ioOnClosedChannel on latest macOS
Hi! I wrote an internal used backup command line tool which is in use since several years. Today I got an error while sending an email: “Failed: ioOnClosedChannel”. I assume that the latest macOS updates did break my app. On the server I use macOS 15.7 and on my development machine macOS 26. Here is the related code: private func sendMail() { var a : [Email.Attachment] = [] if self.imageData != nil { switch self.imageType { case .tiff: a.append(Email.Attachment(name: "Statistics.tif", contentType: #"image/tiff"#, contents: ByteBuffer(bytes: self.imageData!))) case .pdf: a.append(Email.Attachment(name: "Statistics.pdf", contentType: #"application/pdf"#, contents: ByteBuffer(bytes: self.imageData!))) case .unknown: fatalError("Unimplemented attachment type!") } } mailHtml = mailHtml.replacingOccurrences(of: "<br>", with: "<br>\n") let email = Email(sender: .init(name: "Backup", emailAddress: "SENDER@MYDOMAIN"), replyTo: nil, recipients: recipients, cc: [], bcc: [], subject: self.subject, body: .universal(plain: self.mailText, html: mailHtml), attachments: a) let evg = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: System.coreCount) let mailer = Mailer(group: evg, configuration: smtpConfig, transmissionLogger: nil) do { print("Sending mail... ", terminator: "") try mailer.send(email: email).wait() // <-- ERROR HERE Failed: ioOnClosedChannel print("done.") } catch { print("Failed: \(error)") } do { try evg.syncShutdownGracefully() } catch { print("Failed shutdown: \(error)") } } I use https://github.com/sersoft-gmbh/swift-smtp. Any clue about the reason of this error? TIA, GreatOm
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242
Sep ’25
Recommended alternatives to leaf cert pinning to prevent MITM
Hey there Are there any recommendations or guidance for apps on alternatives to certificate pinning to secure their device network traffic? I want to move away from the overhead and risk associated with rotating certificates when using leaf pinning. However, I also don't want people to be able to perform a MITM attack easily using something like Charles Proxy with a self‑signed certificate added to the trust store. My understanding is that an app cannot distinguish between user‑trusted certificates and system‑trusted certificates in the trust store, so it cannot block traffic that uses user‑trusted certificates.
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2w
WiFi aware demo paring issue
I am developing a program on my chip and attempting to establish a connection with the WiFi Aware demo app launched by iOS 26. Currently, I am encountering an issue during the pairing phase. If I am the subscriber of the service and successfully complete the follow-up frame exchange of pairing bootstrapping, I see the PIN code displayed by iOS. Question 1: How should I use this PIN code? Question 2: Subsequently, I need to negotiate keys with iOS through PASN. What should I use as the password for the PASN SAE process? If I am the subscriber of the service and successfully complete the follow-up frame exchange of pairing bootstrapping, I should display the PIN code. Question 3: How do I generate this PIN code? Question 4: Subsequently, I need to negotiate keys with iOS through PASN. What should I use as the password for the PASN SAE process?
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603
Nov ’25
Hotspot helper issue
We recently notified from Apple that our Hotspot helper is delaying device to switch Wifi Networks. To handle this issue better, we need to refactor our code a bit handle the scenario gracefully and while reading this documentation https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/NetworkingInternet/Conceptual/Hotspot_Network_Subsystem_Guide/Contents/AuthStateMachine.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40016639-CH2-SW1 Some questions came up while responding back to evaluate and filterscanlist command. Here are our questions What is the lifecycle of exclude_list? Does it get cleared every time Authentication State Machine goes into Inactive State? What happens if we send commandNotRecognized/unsupportedNetwork/temporaryFailure after evaluate command? Does our app get an evaluate command next time when device joins the same network? What is the actual time for the app to respond to network change evaluate command? Is 45 seconds the timeout limit for app to evaluate and respond? After responding to the evaluate command, how quickly is it terminated from running in the background?
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273
Feb ’25
iOS UDP transmission always experiences packet loss
My iOS application needs to connect a device by wifi and exchange data between them. The way of transmission is using the UDP protocol, most of all, it works well. But some part of iOS devices will loss the package always. Even if re-open the application or reboot wifi devices, or reboot iOS devices, it can not be solved. Only reset the network settings on iOS devices could fix it. But this can not make sure that be well always, if occurs in the future. User need to reset network setting again. Are there any brothers know or meet this phenomenon? Thanks for your time to research this.
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33m
OSX and ARP spoofing
Here's a simple program that spoofs an ARP reply for a given IP address. If I spin up two terminal sessions on the same machine. Run this code in one window % ./spoof en0 192.168.1.7 Listening on en0 for ARP requests to 192.168.1.7 Spoofing MAC: 00:0c:87:47:50:27 And in the second window cause the OS to issue an ARP_REQ % ping 192.168.1.7 You will see the program respond to the ARP request. (Wireshark will see the ARP_REQ and ARP_REPLY packets) however my arp table isn't updated with the MAC for the IP address. There is no firewall active. % arp -a|grep 192.168.1.7 (192.168.1.7) at (incomplete) on en0 ifscope [ethernet] This is running on a MacBook pro M3 (OSX 15.4). HOWEVER, on a MacBook pro M4 (OSX 15.2) is does Work !!!!! Can anyone explain why its not working? spoof.txt
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522
Feb ’25
How to test application using Thread networking on MacOS?
I would like to test running some Thread Networking code on my MacOS machine: import ThreadNetwork let client = THClient() let bIsPreferredAvailable = await client.isPreferredAvailable() but I get some errors when trying to create an instance of the THClient class: Client: -[THClient connectToXPCService]_block_invoke - CTCS XPC Client is interrupted. Client: -[THClient getConnectionEntitlementValidity]_block_invoke - clientProxyWithErrorHandler Error: Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=4097 "connection to service named com.apple.ThreadNetwork.xpc" UserInfo={NSDebugDescription=connection to service named com.apple.ThreadNetwork.xpc} Client: -[THClient init] - XPC Client Init Failed Invalidating XPC connection. Client: -[THClient getConnectionEntitlementValidity]_block_invoke - clientProxyWithErrorHandler Error: Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=4097 "connection to service named com.apple.ThreadNetwork.xpc" UserInfo={NSDebugDescription=connection to service named com.apple.ThreadNetwork.xpc} How can I get the code to run?
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256
Mar ’25
Accessory Setup Kit - Set WIFI SSID to ASAccessory after initial setup
I have an accessory which uses both Bluetooth and WiFi to communicate with the app. I am trying to migrate to Accessory Setup Kit. However, the API expects both the bluetooth identifiers and WIFI SSID or SSID prefix in the ASDiscoveryDescriptor. The problem is we only have the WIFI SSID after BLE pairing. Our current flow looks like this: Pair via BLE Connect via BLE Send a BLE command to request WIFI settings (SSID and password) (Each device has a different SSID and password) Connect to WI-FI hotspot by calling NEHotspotConfigurationManager applyConfiguration with the retrieved credentials. Is there a way to set the Wi-Fi SSID of an ASAccessory object after the initial setup? To use Accessory Setup Kit we would need something like this: Call Accessory Setup Kit with bluetooth identifiers in the descriptor, finish the setup and get ASAccessory object. Connect via BLE Send a BLE command to request WIFI settings (SSID and password) Set the SSID of the ASAccessory to the retrieved value. Connect to WI-FI hotspot by calling `NEHotspotConfigurationManager joinAccessoryHotspot. Thanks!
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303
Feb ’25
AccessorySetupKit / Wi-Fi Aware example?
Greetings, According to Apple's Wi-Fi Aware documentation (https://developer.apple.com/documentation/wifiaware) the Wi-Fi Aware APIs can be used only with peer devices that have been paired. Pairing can be performed using AccessorySetupKit or DeviceDiscoveryUI. Unfortunately, the sample code for Wi-Fi Aware doesn't include either of these APIs. (https://developer.apple.com/documentation/wifiaware/building-peer-to-peer-apps) Looking at the sample code for AccessorySetupKit (https://developer.apple.com/documentation/accessorysetupkit/setting-up-and-authorizing-a-bluetooth-accessory) there is only an example using Bluetooth. And the AccessorySetupKit APIs don't yet document how Wi-Fi Aware is used or how one sets up the Info.plist with the appropriate keys. Can Apple update its example code to fill in these gaps or point me to documentation that can fill in these gaps? It is hard to develop an understanding of the capabilities of these APIs when they are so poorly documented. Thanks for any help, Smith
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3d
in-addr.arpa default search domains
Hi, I observed some unexpected behavior and hope that someone can enlighten me as to what this is about: mDNSResponder prepends IP / network based default search domains that are checked before any other search domain. E.g. 0.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. would be used for an interface with an address in the the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet. This is done for any configured non-link-local IP address. I tried to find any mention of an approach like this in RFCs but couldn't spot anything. Please note that this is indeed a search domain and different from reverse-DNS lookups. Example output of tcpdump for ping devtest: 10:02:13.850802 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 43461, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 92) 192.168.1.2.52319 &gt; 192.168.1.1.53: 54890+ [1au] A? devtest.0.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. (64) I was able to identify the code that adds those default IP subnet based search domains but failed to spot any indication as to what this is about: https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/mDNSResponder/blob/d5029b5/mDNSMacOSX/mDNSMacOSX.c#L4171-L4211 Does anyone here have an ideas as to what this might be about?
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763
Apr ’25
Limit IP Tracking keeps turing back on
I have to continuously disable Limit IP Tracking on my local Wi-Fi network. When it's enable I am not able to access some services on the same subnet that falls under rfc1918. Accessing remote network, over site to site vpn, is not affected, just my local network. I opened FB21483619 for this. I would expect to see rfc1918 subnets not included. Also would expect all DNS queries to be sent to the servers provided in DHCP.
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3d
Multipeer Connectivity remains in .connecting state and drops connections when Mobile Data is enabled
We are using Multipeer Connectivity (MCSession, MCNearbyServiceBrowser, MCNearbyServiceAdvertiser) for nearby peer discovery and communication. **Observed behaviour: ** When Wi-Fi is ON (Not connected to any network) and Mobile Data is also ON: Peer discovery (foundPeer) consistently succeeds Invitation is sent using invitePeer MCSession transitions to .connecting The session remains indefinitely in .connecting connected is never reached notConnected is also not reported When Mobile Data is turned OFF, the same flow reliably reaches .connected. Key details: Both devices have Wi-Fi and Bluetooth enabled Browsing and advertising are active on both devices Application-level timeouts and session resets are implemented The Issue is reproducible across multiple devices with iOS 26 versions. Expectation / Question: We understand that Multipeer Connectivity does not use cellular data for peer discovery or transport. However, when Wi-Fi is available and peers are discovered successfully, we would like clarification on the following: Is it expected behavior that enabling Mobile Data can cause the invitation/connection phase to remain indefinitely in .connecting without transitioning to .notConnected? Are there recommended best practices to avoid stalled invitation or transport negotiation in this scenario? Is there a supported way to detect or recover from a stalled .connecting state beyond application-level timeouts and session resets? Any guidance on expected behavior or recommended handling would be appreciated.
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73
4w
How to configure macOS app permission MANUALLY (not GUI)
I need to run multiple, slightly different copies of a modeling tool, which all need access to a model repository on a different machine. Security Settings -> Network tends to pick one modeling tool (and unfortunately the wrong one) for permission, but the dialog offers no way to add the other copies manually. Where can I configure the permission on low level. [macOS Sequoia 15.6.1]
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113
Sep ’25
Apple Multi-peer connectivity problems with 8+ connections
Apple multi-peer with 12 devices is unstable. Dear All, Has anyone tried Apple multi-peer with 12 devices connected? We are building an application relying on multi-peer where 12 Ipads will be updating data and each device needs to share data between. Can anyone tell me if we can use multi-peer framework for connecting 12 devices in the multi-peer network? We are facing stability problems in the connection when we connect 12 devices in the network.
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199
Mar ’25
VPN Stuck at connecting
Hello, I’ve run into some strange behavior with the macOS System Extension using a Packet Tunnel. The issue showed up after the device went to sleep while the VPN was running. When I woke the computer, the VPN tried to reconnect but never succeeded — it just stayed stuck in the “connecting” state. I was able to turn the VPN off, but every attempt to turn it back on failed and got stuck at “connecting” again. Even removing the VPN configuration from Settings didn’t help. The only thing that worked was disabling the system extension completely. While checking the logs, I noticed thousands of identical log messages appearing within just a few seconds: nesessionmanager(562) deny(1) system-fsctl (_IO "h" 47) 17:11:52.481498+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5454 com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481568+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5454 com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481580+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5454 com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481587+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5454 com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481646+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5446 com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481664+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5446 com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481671+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5446 com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481676+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5446 com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481682+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5446 com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481687+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: got On Demand start message from pid 5446 com.apple.networkextension After the burst of these repeated messages, I started seeing logs like the following: 17:11:52.481759+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Received a start command from Spotify Helper[69038] com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481790+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Skip a start command from Spotify Helper[69038]: session in state connecting com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481949+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Received a start command from Spotify Helper[69038] com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481966+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Skip a start command from Spotify Helper[69038]: session in state connecting com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481986+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Received a start command from Spotify Helper[69038] com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.481992+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Skip a start command from Spotify Helper[69038]: session in state connecting com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482003+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Received a start command from Spotify Helper[69038] com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482011+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Skip a start command from Spotify Helper[69038]: session in state connecting com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482022+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Received a start command from Spotify Helper[69038] com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482028+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Skip a start command from Spotify Helper[69038]: session in state connecting com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482039+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Received a start command from Spotify Helper[69038] com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482049+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Skip a start command from Spotify Helper[69038]: session in state connecting com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482060+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Received a start command from Slack Helper[84828] com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482069+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Skip a start command from Slack Helper[84828]: session in state connecting com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482079+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Received a start command from sharingd[764] com.apple.networkextension 17:11:52.482086+0200 NESMVPNSession[Primary Tunnel:Secure DNS: Skip a start command from sharingd[764]: session in state connecting com.apple.networkextension It is clear that the connection is in a loop of submitting request to start and then failing. This problem occured only after sleep on macOS 26.0 and 15.6. This issue only occured after the system woke up from sleep. macOS 15.6 and 26.0. Is this a known problem, and how should I go about troubleshooting or resolving it?
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149
Oct ’25
Verifying TLS 1.3 early_data behavior on iOS 26
Development environment Xcode 26.0 Beta 6 iOS 26 Simulator macOS 15.6.1 To verify TLS 1.3 session resumption behavior in URLSession, I configured URLSessionConfiguration as follows and sent an HTTP GET request: let config = URLSessionConfiguration.ephemeral config.tlsMinimumSupportedProtocolVersion = .TLSv13 config.tlsMaximumSupportedProtocolVersion = .TLSv13 config.httpMaximumConnectionsPerHost = 1 config.httpAdditionalHeaders = ["Connection": "close"] config.enablesEarlyData = true let session = URLSession(configuration: config, delegate: nil, delegateQueue: nil) let url = URL(string: "https://www.google.com")! var request = URLRequest(url: url) request.assumesHTTP3Capable = true request.httpMethod = "GET" let task = session.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in if let error = error { print("Error during URLSession data task: \(error)") return } if let data = data, let responseString = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) { print("Received data via URLSession: \(responseString)") } else { print("No data received or data is not UTF-8 encoded") } } task.resume() However, after capturing the packets, I found that the ClientHello packet did not include the early_data extension. It seems that enablesEarlyData on URLSessionConfiguration is not being applied. How can I make this work properly?
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151
Aug ’25
Content filtering
Hello team, Would this mean that content filters intended for all browsing can only be implemented for managed devices using MDM? My goal would be to create a content filtering app for all users, regardless of if their device is managed/supervised. thanks.
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88
4w
NEAppPushProvider lifecycle guarantees for safety-critical local networking
We have an iOS companion app that talks to our IoT device over the device’s own Wi‑Fi network (often with no internet). The app performs bi-directional, safety-critical duties over that link. We use an NEAppPushProvider extension so the handset can keep exchanging data while the UI is backgrounded. During testing we noticed that if the user backgrounds the app (still connected to the device’s Wi‑Fi) and opens Safari, the extension’s stop is invoked with NEProviderStopReason.unrecoverableNetworkChange / noNetworkAvailable, and iOS tears the extension down. Until the system restarts the extension (e.g. the user foregrounds our app again), the app cannot send/receive its safety-critical data. Questions: Is there a supported way to stop a safety-critical NEAppPushProvider from being terminated in this “background app → open Safari” scenario when the device remains on the same Wi‑Fi network (possibly without internet)? If not, is NEAppPushProvider the correct extension type for an always-on local-network use case like this, or is there another API we should be using? For safety-critical applications, can Apple grant entitlements/exemptions so the system does not terminate the extension when the user switches apps but stays on the local Wi‑Fi? Any guidance on the expected lifecycle or alternative patterns for safety-critical local connectivity would be greatly appreciated.
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50
Nov ’25
Local network request blocked in Safari but working in Chrome
For Local network access, Chrome prompts the user to allow access and adds it to Settings --> Privacy & Security --> Local Network. However, for Safari, no prompt appears. How do I force Safari to authorise these local network access requests if it won't trigger the permission dialogue? Is there a specific WKWebView configuration or Safari-specific header required to satisfy this security check?
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476
4w